Buddhism was a new innovation that adapted as India grew and developed. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1994. Henry, Patrick G., and Donald K. Swearer. Delhi: Sri Satguru Publications, 1995. The process of institutional development can be seen in recorded events. 2v. Monasteries often accumulated so much influence that they threatened the integrity and credibility of lay governments and were thus a threat to established lay political authority. During the division of India into small kingdoms in the Pla era (6501250), Buddhist monasteries consolidated into larger monastic institutions because of a lack of pan-Indian institutionalized support structures and because of the destruction of major Gupta monastic centers by invading armies. Later sectarian disputes and divisions likewise were over matters of the inviolability of received scriptures, doctrine, and discipline. by Trevor O. Ling. 1 (1995): 745. New Delhi: S. Chand, 1983. During the Gupta dynasty (320580 ce), Buddhist monasticism was supported by the royal courts and by craft guilds. These, however, did not impede the growth of Buddhism; they instead signal how Buddhism adapted to different conditions and ideologies and grew larger as a result. Some scholars believe that Daoism may have come under Indian influences, because it originated in the southwestern parts of China. In the Mahayana tradition, the emphasis is less on nirvana and more on knowledge or wisdom, the mastery of which constitutes awakening. 277p. Journal of Buddhist Ethics 6 (1999) 313330. The religious traditions of Asia. Hinayana and Mahayana traditions spread into the two Indianized states, Funan (founded during the 1st century ce) and Champa (founded 192 ce). The Daoist settlements of sages, in forests and mountain glades as well as in the cities, are, at best, analogous to the eremitic type of proto-monasticism. Honolulu : University of Hawai`i Press, Hamilton Asia DS556.8 .M387 2004, Minh Chi, et al. Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, 1993. Use of this site implies consent with our Usage Policy. In Southeast Asia the impact of Buddhism was felt in very different ways in three separate regions. Priesthood, article on Buddhist Priesthood; Sagha, overview article. The understanding or basic principal at work here was that monastic income, donated and entrepreneurial, was to be used for religious purposes, even if personal and institutional interests coincided. Encyclopedia.com gives you the ability to cite reference entries and articles according to common styles from the Modern Language Association (MLA), The Chicago Manual of Style, and the American Psychological Association (APA). Buddhism and Asian history. New York : St. Martin's Press Hamilton Asia BQ554 .S65 1977b, Smith, Bardwell L. (1978) Religion and legitimation of power in Thailand, Laos, and Burma /, editor Chambersburg, PA : ANIMA Books, Hamilton Asia BQ554 .R44, Sukumar Sengupta (1994). 309-315 Hamilton Asia BQ266 .B833 1989, Gosling, David (2001), Religion and ecology in India and southeast Asia / with a foreword by Ninian Smart. Cambridge, U.K., 1990. 183p. Encyclopedia of Religion. Buddhism was and remains an international religion and was intended for transmission into different languages and cultures. Fruits of inspiration: studies in honour of Prof. J.G. Penang: Aliran Kesdaran Negara, Aliran, 1991. // Berry Picking Kenai Peninsula, Articles B