The Wisconsin Historical Society web site lists 2 engines for the McCormick No 64 Harvester (pull type combine) built between 1951 and 1954. The gross power and torque outputs fell to 72hp (54kW; 73PS) and 112lbft (152Nm) respectively when the engine had a 6.9:1 compression ratio. margin: auto; No need to explain the name, I guess. Pretty cool! The gearing was low, but I didnt include it as I couldnt verify the recollection. I somehow had *no* idea of this 4cyl. [4] Vehicles with this engine were given the model designation 4-73. These engines had a shorter three-bolt water pump housing and a 39-pound flywheel. Do some research if you're interested in hopped-up four-cylinder engines; a good place to start is a subscription to FAST, an organization dedicated to the subject. By 1941, war was seeming rather more inevitable, and defense buildup and preparation was becoming an important part of the industry. } The main problem with the original reverse-flow intake/exhaust/head configuration is that it was inherently inefficient, in that mounting the intake manifold and carburetor just inches above the exhaust ports does little to promote maximum fuel density, since the exhaust system is always heating up the carburetor, fuel and intake manifold and we all know that cooler air and cooler fuel makes more power, and reduces pre-ignition or pinging. The other efficiency killer of this layout is that the intake charge effectively has to make a U-turn in the engine to be exhausted out the same side of the engine in which it entered. The answer was to move one or the other (intake tract or exhaust) to the opposite side of the engine, so the intake tract could more efficiently travel across the engine, which engineers logically enough called crossflow design. Enjoy! During the engine's first decade of production, when overhead-valve engines were used by only a small minority of makes, it was usually . Assembling the pistons involves a vice to fit the wrist pins through the connecting rods. For cylinders #1, 3, & 5 order, fit cylinders # 1 and 3. Learn how your comment data is processed. Mitsubishi built a version of the Hurricane from 1954 as the JH4 (69 hp), mostly for use in their license-built version of the Jeep. This engine was also built by Mitsubishi for their license-built Jeep, as well as other applications. It replaced the Willys Go Devil engine that was used in the MB Jeep and other early Jeep-based models like the Jeepster. Exercise your rights under the California Consumer Privacy Act So the F-head was employed very successfully for decades on, their line of 4.2, 4.6 and 4.9 L engines used in the RR passenger cars until it was finally replaced by the OHV V8 in 1959, which is still in use by Bentley today. Copyright 2021 Motor Mission Machine & Radiator Shop, Continental F163 Flathead 4 Cylinder Engine Machining & Rebuild at Motor Mission Machine & Radiator, Customer Smaller Diameter Aluminum Water Pump Pulley Machining To Increase Coolant Flow, Caterpillar 16M Grader Axle 2641150 and 2641153 Lean Arms Welding and Machining Repair, Hercules JXLD Engine Cast Iron Water Pump Machining, Repairing and Rebuilding, Caterpillar Grader Axle Welding and Machining, Kenworth Semi Truck Manual Transmission Clutch Industrial Two Step Flywheel Surface Machining and Surfacing, Caterpillar 785 Water Truck Folded Core Radiator Quick Turn Around Repair and Delivery, Caterpillar 793D Mesabi and 793C Folded Core Radiators Rebuilding, John Deere 4220 Tractor Radiator and Oil Cooler Repair. Continental F163 Flathead 4 Cylinder Engine Machining & Rebuild at Motor Mission Machine & Radiator This is a Continental F163 flathead 4-cylinder gasoline engine we rebuilt for a Clark forklift. Site-wide 10% off Code: CP10. This story is a pretty good indication of the state Ford Motor Company was in at the time, and why it was in danger of going bankrupt during and immediately after WWII. Set includes:* cylinder head gasket (17-3/8" overall length)* manifold gasket* side valve cover gasket* valve cover, combine using 4-cylinder Flathead Continental * Silver King models 42 through 720* Brockway 49G* C26 Intercontinental* Long model A and AW tractors built in Tarboro N.C.* Many Lincoln welders* F124, F140, F162 and F163 CID flathead Continental engines* Hercules engines: DD-130, DD-149, DD-149H,, Intercontinental: C26 Brockway: 49G Long model A & AW Lincoln welders using F124, F135, F140, F162, F163, F186, F209, F226, F227 F245 flathead Continental engines CONFIRM GEAR DIAMETER 1.689" BEFORE ORDERING CONFIRM SHAFT LENGTH 10.605" BEFORE ORDERING Will need to drill shaft for rollpin. Lest we forget that the Kent 1600 was, for a time, also the base engine offering in the new for 1971 Ford Pinto. In America it became a staple class in the Sports Car Club of America (SCCA) Regional and National Amateur ranks. * Includes all gaskets needed to replace cylinder head. This decision was taken in order for the engine to fit transversely across the new Ford Fiesta engine bay, whilst still allowing the transmission unit to be comfortably removed for clutch replacement. What a fun project putting this little engine together. Taking the 119.5 cubic inch (2.0 liter) flathead four from its new 9N tractor, which was essentially half of the 239 inch Mercury V8, Ford offered this engine in half-, three-quarter, and one-ton trucks. ENGINE DOES RUN, SOUNDS STRONG, WILL LIKELY NEED CARB/POINTS WORK AS IT HAS BEEN SITTING FOR A WHILE. Also, one of the front seals is leaking oil. There is a minor, secondary unbalanced rotational torque pulse in the plane of the pistons, when a piston pair at one end of the engine is at TDC and the other pair at BDC. The Twin Cam was used in a variety of racing and production vehicles. Anyway, I would disagree with your statement in principle, because theres no doubt many would have bought Fords if a six was also available. [8] This air-cooled engine was designed by Porsche and was also used in the 19481965 Porsche 356, 19531956 Porsche 550, 19651969 Porsche 912 and 19691976 Porsche 914. Flatheads were no longer common in cars, but they continued in more rudimentary vehicles such as off-road military Jeeps. . The flathead four-cylinder engine in our "Swap to Street" 1930 Ford Model A was leaking oil like crazy and wasn't running particularly well, either. Name: flat head side valve inline four-cylinder four-stroke water-cooled gasoline engine model Shape: assembled version specification: Total length: 135mm,height 90mm, cylinder length*width 96*43mm Weight: 1100g Displacement: 17.5cc Bore: 16.7mm Stroke: 20.0mm Speed: 1600-9000rpm (or lower idle speed) Power: 2.5ps hurry up or it will have no stock. Billet main caps strengthen the bottom end; Pro-Flo valves, a hotter cam, and an aftermarket head all help a 'banger breathe. In that application, it would be workable. Wow, never heard of this one! All notions of reverse-flow head and overhead valves were replaced with the aluminum double-overhead cam (DOHC) head that Lotus and a greatest hits list of current engine designers developed; the initial work was done by the somewhat legendary Harry Mundy, then Richard Ansdale produced detailed drawings of the new cylinder head. using 4-cylinder Flathead Continental * Earthmaster Model C and CH. Thank you for your understanding. Ford did modify this engine for truck use. To retool to produce an out of production engine would have been expensive if it was even possible. H&H Flatheads sells water pumps for these using modern sealed water pump bearings. flathead Continental engines For 0.020" (1.916") undersize rod journal. Aneyway I really think this is great value for your money if you like small engines. No need to waste money on variety. H. Kremser (author): Der Aufbau schnellaufender Verbrennungskraftmaschinen, in Hans List (ed): Die Verbrennungskraftmaschine, volume 11, Springer, Wien 1942. At some point I read something about a one-ton with this engine used by a city street maintenance crew. Most Americans got their first taste of the Kent engine in Fords captive import the Cortina, and some in the 1600cc base version of the Mercury Capri. An updraft carburetor was retained. The new Twin Cam became the mainstay of Lotus street production models, and handily proved itself on the race track. The 3-liter version is almost identical to the BF-161 engine with the stroke increased to 4 inches (101.6mm) giving it a displacement of 3,016.5cc (184.1cuin). Notify me of follow-up comments by email. [3] If necessary, this vibration can be minimised using a harmonic damper. [11], The flathead's elongated combustion chamber is prone to preignition (or "knocking") if compression ratio is increased, but improvements such as laser ignition or microwave enhanced ignition might help prevent knocking. Called it the half-merc due to its displacement. This little engine is incredible. For example, some Dnepr and Ural used flathead designs that BMW had licensed to the Soviets. Required fields are marked *. As per all four-stroke engines with four cylinder or less, the lack of overlap in the power strokes results in a pulsating delivery of torque to the flywheel, causing a torsional vibration along the crankshaft axis. That made it a perfect subject for our. /* see gallery_shortcode() in wp-includes/media.php */, 5435 Desert Point Dr. This engine could be found in a host of different body styles and weight ratings in the brochure, but in reality it was apparently only installed in very small number of 1/2 ton pickups, a few 3/4 and one ton trucks, and on some panel and sedan deliveries. Reaches 35 as quickly as any flat-black Honda. Yet, for a brief moment in time during 1941 and 1942, one could get a new Ford pickup with their choice of four-, six-, or eight-cylinder power. The Ford Flathead V8 wasn't the first V8, but when it debuted in the 1932 Model 18, it brought this brilliant engine configuration to the American masses.With a simple design featuring a flat . I also did not think that 6 cylinders were used in Ford trucks until after WW2, so that was interesting as well. overhead valve engines. Mine was number 53 out of 100. The flathead system obviates the need for further valvetrain components such as lengthy pushrods, rocker arms, overhead valves or overhead camshafts. our site and you will find everything from tractor seats, manifolds, radiators, decals, It was also used in the Willys 473 and 475 pickups, wagons, and sedan deliveries. A 1942 ad (thanks eBay): Wow, completely new information to me. A 4 cylinder engine is an inside burning-through engine that utilizes four distinct piston strokes, they are intake strokes, weight strokes, force strokes, and fumes strokes to finish one working cycle. Today's savings, see details at SteinerTractor.com/specials! There are even tiny piston rings to install. The myth of the '33-34 C probably got started because all these engines did have counterbalanced crankshafts and the letter C cast into the head. The four used a V8 style distributor, a fuel pump was included to negate the tractors gravity flow, and the engine governor was deleted. Joe passed away in 1995 and four-bangers have become something of a niche in the hobby, but they still have a high cool factor and a high potential for making power. At that point, there wasnt a lot of info on its use. They sold just about more cars than anybody prior and had huge government contracts during the war. I want to run mine in a mahogany Gentlemans Racer 1/4 scale, there seems to be a real clutch ( not centrifugal) under developement, this will be great, a reverse would be even nicer! Performance Parts, Ford The Ford based Twin-Cam was also seen as a worthy replacement for the all aluminum and outstanding Coventry Climax I-4, which was expensive and primarily a racing engine. Its likely been restored but not rodded or modded. Apparently it was a pretty common practice in the 1940s and into the 1950s. been aware of for some time. Obviously, there was no long term product planning going on. [12] Turbulence grooves may increase swirl inside the combustion chamber, thus increasing torque, especially at low rpm. [9] Although it is more expensive than an inline-four engine, the flat-four engine allows Subaru to build an all-wheel drive vehicle at little extra cost from two-wheel drive.[9]. The result was startling; power outputs ran from 100-126 horsepower (certainly a long reach from the Kents original output of 39), with rpm and redline levels the OHV Kent could only dream of. CISON FL4-175 Flathead Inline 4 Cylinder Four Stroke 9,000 rpm RC Water-cooled Gasoline Engine 17.5cc Shipping update on 2022/10/14: this engine is in stock now, 6pcs for kit version, and 2pcs finished version. John Deere, It was a daily driver and not a weekend hobby car. This is why some folks call this design a sidevalve. Steiner Tractor Parts proudly offers a wide selection of tractor parts for vintage, old, classic farm tractors. There's even a. We strive to not only offer the best selection of affordably priced tractor restoration parts, but to preserve the American agricultural heritage by helping you keep your old tractors running.We are focused on meeting all your restoration needs while offering value and quality with every tractor part we deliver. The valve gear comprises a camshaft sited low in the cylinder block which operates the poppet valves via tappets and short pushrods (or sometimes with no pushrods at all). Measure before ordering, Verify model and engine info. p. 190. The Willys F4-134 Hurricane was an inline-4 piston engine and powered the famous Jeep CJ in the CJ-3B, CJ-5, and CJ-6 models. When it comes to customer satisfaction, we at Steiner Tractor Parts don't hesitate to go above and beyond to help you. Internals include splayed main caps, a billet steel crank, forged steel rods, Arias custom pistons, Total Seal rings, and hardened steel sleeves. Well, when all you offer them is V8s, there wasnt exactly much choice in the matter, eh? The AA pickup has a substantially bigger 201 inch engine, and was rated at 40 hp. As various Ford models and markets increased demand, and the need for more power for larger cars and trucks, the Kent went on an expansion program -- soon the 1.0 became a 1.1, followed by 1.2, 1.3, 1.5-liter, and ultimately 1.6-liter variants. Flatheads were widely used internationally by automobile manufacturers from the late 1890s until the mid-1950s but were replaced by more efficient overhead valve and overhead camshaft engines. For radio-controlled aircraft, flat-four engines with displacements of 4050cc (2.43.1cuin) are produced by companies such as O.S. By the time 1933 rolled around, Ford had the V-8 pretty well figured out; most of the earlier problems had been resolved and sales of four-cylinder cars dropped dramatically, although the engines were still being sold as replacements. We have continually grown and expanded our engine services. Las Vegas, NV 89118. And for 1942, the little four got a pwer bump to 40 hp. The TDC pair creates a torque greater than the BDC pair, so the net unbalanced torque pulse is the difference. We carry a large selection of parts for most makes of tractors Find out how you can watch Ford Performance on the race track each week. That changed eventually, but a few rodders never lost their devotion to 'bangers. All three of my V8s were cracked and it is expensive to fix if you even can. The process includes keeping the valve lifters to certain tolerances. High volumetric efficiency was less important for early cars because their engines rarely sustained extended high speeds, but designers seeking higher power outputs had to abandon the sidevalve. ", Gemsa built engines and parts in a 20-foot refrigerator car behind his house in El Monte, California. With Ford currently offering a 2.7 liter V6 in their half-ton F-150, lets look back a long time to when FDR was in the White House, Glenn Miller was on the radio, and Ford offered an exceptionally small engine in its trucks. 2 5/8 X 2 3/4". Youd think Ford would have figured out that the V8 was the SOLE reason why people bought Fords. the external oil pump is utilized for crankshaft supplement and superior independent lubrication when matched with mini oil filters. width: 33%; Ford was far from going bankrupt before and after WWII. Thats a sideroad I hadnt heard of. Please use the engine in line with the instructions to avoid damage by improper operation. By the end, the engine is purring along. That first Fiesta was an all-new, thoroughly modern 3-door hatchback which architecturally resembled cars like the first-generation 3-door VW Rabbit/Golf and also the Fiat 128SL. The spark plug may be sited over the piston (as in an OHV engine) or above the valves; but aircraft designs with two plugs per cylinder may use either or both positions.[5]. #9 The Toyota 4A-GE -Sporting a Yamaha-developed cylinder head, the first generation 4A-GE engine was introduced in the 1983 AE86, with production lasting through 1991's third generation. And it doesnt have those six stinking cylinders. Thanks for spotlighting an obscure part of Ford truck history, well written. [2] The engine remained in production until 1971, after American Motors Corporation (AMC) purchased Kaiser Jeep. Prentice Hall Inc., USA, 1965. . The build process includes everything you'd be doing to put together a flathead engine, except the parts are far smaller. 1932 The 4 Cylinder Ford - The Flat-Spot Home Shop Flathead Blog THE ARCHIVE Flathead Technical Info Contacts 1932 The 4 Cylinder Ford Home All 1932 The 4 Cylinder Ford 1932 The 4 Cylinder Ford September 8, 2020 Posted by Nate Cooper All, Ford Manuals, Manuals & Technical Books, Technical Information, Upgrades and Tricks Unfortunately, there's bad news because the starter motor fails. I'm really looking forward to build this kit, and install it in the kit. In aircraft, this avoids the need to carry heavy water cooling systems. The fuel economy of the four also had great appeal to these fellows whereas a V-8 viewed as wasteful and unnecessary. Those little fours are certainly adequate for city use. Believe it or not, Ford Performance still produces a strengthened, and mildly updated Kent I-4 engine block, perfect for your vintage Formula Ford racer or, Kent-powered hot rod, of which there are more than a few out there. Steiner and New Parts for Old Tractors are registered trademarks of Steiner Tractor Parts, Inc. Continental 4 Cylinder Flathead Engine Parts, Oil Filter Element (single piece cartridge type), Tailored Original Style Spark Plug Wire Set. [10] This engine is water-cooled, has gasoline direct injection, produces 147kW (197hp) and has a displacement of 2.0L (122cuin). i recommend you use the 2S-3S lithium battery (7.4-12V battery). the new Ford truck engine! the lightweight engine is compatible with RC models and is an incredible "heart" for low torque demanding 1/8 and 1/10 scale model crawlers. a four-banger is it. First is that it received a major engineering redevelopment. Think about it: He hated sixes with a passion, and the 1940 six certainly wasnt his idea (I believe credit for this one has been given to Edsel). And while there is no denying today's engines are technologically superior in every way, vintage four-cylinders still have appeal, even though it's more emotionally so than practical. Pins through the connecting rods on the race track on its use this is value... Aa pickup HAS a substantially bigger 201 inch engine, and handily proved itself on the race.., war was seeming rather more inevitable, and an aftermarket head all help 'banger. Youd think Ford would have figured out that the V8 was the SOLE reason why people bought Fords practice... Oil filters engine is purring along and after WWII a weekend hobby car the external oil pump is utilized crankshaft. Rodders never lost their devotion to 'bangers * idea of this 4cyl wasteful unnecessary! Be doing to put together a flathead engine, except the parts are far smaller the engine in with. Cylinders were used in the CJ-3B, CJ-5, and handily proved itself on the race track WW2 so... Like the Jeepster designs that BMW had licensed to the Soviets modern sealed water pump bearings the... Was even possible cylinder head, especially at low rpm in America became. These fellows whereas a V-8 viewed as wasteful and unnecessary Regional and National Amateur ranks it was a common. Steiner Tractor parts proudly offers a wide selection of Tractor parts proudly offers a wide of! Tractor parts for vintage, old, classic farm tractors cars than anybody prior and had huge government contracts the! Reason why people bought Fords model and engine info the recollection 20-foot refrigerator car behind his house El! On its use in more rudimentary vehicles such as off-road military Jeeps a. Out that the V8 was the SOLE reason why people bought Fords ( thanks eBay ) Wow! And preparation was becoming an important part of Ford truck history, well written engine..., it was a pretty common practice in the kit after WWII beyond! Chamber, thus increasing torque, especially at low rpm above and beyond to help you model 4-73. Undersize rod journal example, some Dnepr and Ural used flathead designs BMW! Long term product planning going on pumps for these using modern sealed water pump and! Dnepr and Ural used flathead designs that BMW had licensed to the Soviets flatheads no. Of the front seals is leaking oil this 4cyl for crankshaft supplement superior. / * see gallery_shortcode ( ) in wp-includes/media.php * /, 5435 Desert point Dr for #!, war was seeming rather more inevitable, and an aftermarket head all help a 'banger breathe got... Purchased Kaiser Jeep American Motors Corporation ( AMC ) purchased Kaiser Jeep war was seeming rather more inevitable, handily. To help you and CJ-6 models carry heavy water cooling systems are certainly for! Read something about a one-ton with this engine were given the model designation 4-73 so was!, CJ-5, and CJ-6 models wasnt a lot flathead 4 cylinder engine info on its.. 201 inch engine, except the parts are far smaller Go above beyond... Necessary, this avoids the need to carry heavy water cooling systems, I guess vibration be... And expanded our engine services please use the engine in line with the instructions to avoid damage improper. I 'm really looking forward to build this kit, and was rated at 40.! Had * no * idea of this 4cyl Mitsubishi for their license-built Jeep, as well pins through connecting. Gemsa built engines and parts in a 20-foot refrigerator car behind his in... Built by Mitsubishi for their license-built Jeep, as well as other applications increasing torque, at! [ 4 ] vehicles with this engine used by a city street maintenance.... City street maintenance crew it in the kit and handily proved itself on the race track I also did think. The Willys F4-134 Hurricane was an inline-4 piston engine and powered the famous CJ! And 3 its LIKELY been restored but not rodded or modded damage by improper operation think this is why folks! A flathead engine, except the parts are far smaller its use information to me Willys F4-134 was. But not rodded or modded order, fit cylinders # 1, 3, & order! Used in a 20-foot refrigerator car behind his house in El Monte, California proved itself the... Early Jeep-based models like the Jeepster to replace cylinder head end, the engine in line with the instructions avoid... Few rodders never lost their devotion to 'bangers production models, and CJ-6 models is for... During the war you use the engine is purring along vice to fit the wrist pins the... And preparation was becoming an important part of the flathead 4 cylinder engine also had great appeal to fellows. Certainly adequate for city use engine were given the model designation 4-73 behind house. To these fellows whereas a V-8 viewed as wasteful and unnecessary given the model designation.. Everything you 'd be doing to put together a flathead engine, except parts! A variety of racing and production vehicles bankrupt before and after WWII bankrupt and... Them is V8s, there wasnt exactly much choice in the 1940s and into 1950s. Lot of info on its use arms, overhead valves or overhead camshafts,. We have continually grown and expanded our engine services looking forward to build this kit, and rated. Trucks until after WW2, so that was used in the CJ-3B flathead 4 cylinder engine CJ-5, and was rated 40... Engines for 0.020 '' ( 1.916 '' ) undersize rod journal few never... Longer common in cars, but a few rodders never lost their devotion 'bangers. If it was a pretty common practice in the kit replaced the Willys Go Devil that... Like small engines that BMW had licensed to the Soviets America ( SCCA ) Regional and National Amateur ranks needed... 0.020 '' ( 1.916 '' ) undersize rod journal pistons involves a vice to fit the wrist through. Rather more inevitable, and handily proved itself on the race track had huge government contracts during the.. Use the engine in line with the instructions to avoid damage by improper operation was also built by Mitsubishi their. Cj in the matter, eh Gemsa built engines and parts in a 20-foot car... Or modded, 3, & 5 order, fit cylinders # 1 and 3 and unnecessary to Soviets. Example, some Dnepr and Ural used flathead designs that BMW had licensed to the Soviets through... Fuel economy of the four also had great appeal to these fellows whereas a V-8 viewed wasteful. Increasing torque, especially at low rpm heavy water cooling systems Sports Club! I guess 40 hp strengthen the bottom end flathead 4 cylinder engine Pro-Flo valves, a hotter Cam, and CJ-6.! & 5 order, fit cylinders # 1 and 3 an out of production engine would have been expensive it... Handily proved itself on the race track and for 1942, the engine line. Using modern sealed water pump bearings engines for 0.020 '' ( 1.916 '' ) undersize rod journal far.! Street maintenance crew the engine is purring along license-built Jeep, as well as other applications carry water... Think Ford would have figured out that the V8 was the SOLE why... A variety of racing and production vehicles line with the instructions to avoid damage by improper operation superior independent when! Of Tractor parts proudly offers a wide selection of Tractor parts for vintage, old, classic farm.., it was a pretty common practice in the Sports car Club of America ( SCCA ) and. Practice in the 1940s and into the 1950s the front seals is leaking oil the four... Part of the four also had great appeal to these fellows whereas V-8... A few rodders never lost their devotion to 'bangers car behind his house in El Monte,.. Pushrods, rocker arms, overhead valves or overhead camshafts, and was rated at hp! With the instructions to avoid damage by improper operation vintage, old, farm. ( 7.4-12V battery ) a pretty common practice in the 1940s and into the 1950s ( ) in *... Engine together ( SCCA ) Regional and National Amateur ranks been restored but rodded... Would have figured out that the V8 was the SOLE reason why people Fords. A weekend hobby car flatheads sells water pumps for these using modern sealed pump... Out that the V8 was the SOLE reason why people bought Fords and parts in a 20-foot refrigerator behind... A pretty common practice in the Sports car Club of America flathead 4 cylinder engine SCCA ) Regional and National Amateur ranks a. Continental engines for 0.020 '' ( 1.916 '' ) undersize rod journal Regional! Like small engines rod journal your money if you even can really looking to... Was the SOLE reason why people bought Fords includes everything you 'd be doing to put together a engine... Jeep CJ in the MB Jeep and other early Jeep-based models like the Jeepster Sports car Club America! A staple class in the Sports car Club of America ( SCCA Regional! To retool to produce an out of production engine would have been expensive if it a! You even can well written somehow had * no * idea of 4cyl! Becoming an important part of the four also had great appeal to these fellows whereas V-8! Have been expensive if it was a pretty common practice in the kit wasnt a lot of info its. A vice to fit the wrist pins through the connecting rods than the BDC pair, so that used... Pins through the connecting rods expensive to fix if you like small engines used! Mainstay of Lotus street production models, and an aftermarket head all help a 'banger breathe creates! Certainly adequate for city use to these fellows whereas a V-8 viewed as wasteful and..
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