A common use case is to mix API-calls into a larger test-suite, for example a Selenium or WebDriver UI test. Like above, but force the SSL algorithm to one of, Whether the HTTP client automatically follows redirects - (default, Set the connect timeout (milliseconds). Here are the configuration keys supported: If you need to set any of these globally you can easily do so using the karate object in karate-config.js - for e.g: In rare cases where you need to add nested non-JSON data to the configure value, you have to play by the rules that apply within karate-config.js. In cases where the data-source needs multiple steps, for e.g. For example if you have HTML like this: To click on the checkbox, you just need to do this: By default, the HTML tag that will be searched for will be input. Here are some examples: Now that we have seen how JSON is a native data type that Karate understands, there is a very nice way to create JSON using Cucumbers support for expressing data-tables. Name the file as javadsl.java and run using the command: jbang javadsl.java. The approach in this section is more suited for troubleshooting in dev-mode, using your IDE. and & will be automatically inserted. This example also shows how you can use a custom placeholder format instead of the default: Refer to this file for a detailed example: replace.feature. This can loop until any user-defined condition and can use any variable (or Karate or Driver JS API) in scope. You can even use a regular-expression so that instead of checking for equality, Karate will just validate that the actual value conforms to the expected pattern. Note that Karate works fine on OpenJDK. Add the plugin to the / section of your pom.xml if not already present: If you want to use JUnit 4, use the karate-junit4 Maven dependency instead of karate-junit5. If you find yourself struggling to write dynamic JsonPath filters, look at karate.filter() as an alternative, described just below. A handler function is needed only if you have to ignore some incoming traffic and stop the wait when a certain payload arrives. And you can even handle asynchronous flows such as listening to message-queues. You can also re-use other *.feature files from test-scripts: When a called feature depends on some side-by-side resources such as JSON or JS files, you can use the this: prefix to ensure that relative paths work correctly - because by default Karate calculates relative paths from the root feature or the top-most caller. In this tutorial, we will learn API testing using Karate Framework, why we need Karate Framework and also example with GET, POST and PUT method. Karate implements the W3C WebDriver spec, which means that you can point Karate to a remote grid such as Zalenium or a SaaS provider such as the AWS Device Farm. Gherkin has a great way to sprinkle meta-data into test-scripts - which gives you some interesting options when running tests in bulk. 1. If you want to dynamically and programmatically determine the tags and features to be included - the API also accepts. Step 3: Add steps to run a sample GET API request. The Karate Demo has a working example of the recommended parallel-runner set up. You are free to organize your files using regular Java package conventions. The last row in the table is a little different from the rest, and this short-cut form is the recommended way to validate the length of a JSON array. For example you can get a nice feature coverage report, provided you have a rich set of tags. A very rare need is to be able to convert a string which happens to be in YAML form into JSON, and this can be done via the yaml type cast keyword. When using call (or callonce), only one argument is allowed. C# Backgroundworker,c#,backgroundworker,ui-automation,white-framework,C#,Backgroundworker,Ui Automation,White Framework,guiexcel"Button.Click"gui And karate.appendTo() is for updating an existing variable (the equivalent of array.push() in JavaScript), which is especially useful in the body of a karate.forEach(). Karate is the only open-source tool to combine API test-automation, mocks, performance-testing and even UI automation into a single, unified framework. For a call (or callonce) - payload / data structures (JSON, XML, Map-like or List-like) variables are passed by reference which means that steps within the called feature can update or mutate them, for e.g. match each can be combined with contains deep so that for each JSON object a deep contains match is performed within nested lists or objects. Karate has an elegant approach to handling any action such as click() that results in a new page load. Note that there is a top-level config flag for headless mode. This video explain how to do UI Automation using Karate DSL.If you like this video please do subscribe to my channel and keep watching ! #string Note how triple-quotes (""") are used to enclose content. Otherwise they would be evaluated as expressions - which does come in useful for some dynamic data-driven situations: Yes, you can even nest chunks of JSON in tables, and things work as you would expect. if there is no matching tag - that the Examples without a tag will be executed. # this next line may perform many steps and result in multiple variables set for the rest of the script, """ REST-style path parameters. When you are in a hurry, you can pause a test in the middle of a flow just to look at the browser developer tools to see what CSS selectors you need to use. } If you are new to programming or test-automation, refer to the options for IDE support and the official IntelliJ plugin is recommended. 1. Look at how the path did not need to be specified for the second HTTP get call since /cats is part of the url. Note that the optional(), exists() and locate() APIs are a little different from the other Element actions, because they will not honor any intent to retry() and immediately check the HTML for the given locator. So you can refer to the response, responseStatus or even responseHeaders if needed. will pause the test execution until a socket connection (even HTTP, currently for web-ui automation only, see. The second form has an additional string argument which is the text to enter for cases where the dialog is expecting user input. For example: So this is just for convenience and readability, using configure driver can do the same thing like this: This design is so that you can use (and data-drive) all the capabilities supported by the target driver - which can vary a lot depending on whether it is local, remote, for desktop or mobile etc. This is really convenient in dev-local mode. Karate has enhanced the Cucumber Scenario Outline as follows: These are best explained with examples. Of course this can be useful if the element you are seeking is diagonally offset from the locator you have. A common requirement is to pass dynamic parameter values via the command line, and you can use the karate.properties['some.name'] syntax for getting a system property passed via JVM options in the form -Dsome.name=foo. See this for an example. In such cases, you have to use string quotes: { 'Content-Type': 'application/json' }. For example, to retry() until an HTML element is present and then click() it: Or to wait until a button is enabled using the default retry configuration: Or to temporarily over-ride the retry configuration and wait: Or to move the mouse() to a given [x, y] co-ordinate and perform a click: Get the current URL / address for matching. The rare need to double-click is supported as a doubleClick() method: Closes the browser. To signal the end of the data, just return null. Note the extra convenience where you dont have to enclose the LHS key in quotes. But guess what - this example is baked into a Karate API, see waitForText(). Since a SOAP request needs special handling, this is the only case where the method step is not used to actually fire the request to the server. And the start() method will be invoked as soon as any Scenario requests for a web-browser instance (for the first time) via the driver keyword. But since you can express a list of data-elements as a JSON array - even these XPath expressions can be used in match statements. Keywords such as set and remove allow you to to tweak payload-data to fit the scenario under test. (not) operator is especially useful for contains and JSON arrays. Other options are the quickstart or the standalone executable. You can even retrieve operating-system environment variables via Java interop as follows: var systemPath = java.lang.System.getenv('PATH'); This decision to use JavaScript for config is influenced by years of experience with the set-up of complicated test-suites and fighting with Maven profiles, Maven resource-filtering and the XML-soup that somehow gets summoned by the Maven AntRun plugin. The same approach should apply to any Selenium grid provider such as Zalenium. downloadLatestFn('custom_latest.png') For details of scope and visibility of variables, see Script Structure. If you need to actually do something with each returned Element, see locateAll() or the option below. You will typically also match against a specific HTML tag (which is preferred, and faster at run-time). This is designed specifically for the kind of situation described in the example for waitForAny(). The results of the first call are cached, and any future calls will simply return the cached result instead of executing the JavaScript function (or feature) again and again. In some rare cases, for e.g. The primary classes are described below. Of course, try not to use single-quotes within the string to be matched, or escape them using a back-slash (\) character. { id: { domain: "DOM", type: "entityId", value: "#ignore" }, Gkhan KARAMAN 99 Followers Senior Software Test Automation Engineer More from Medium The Test Lead Top FREE QA Test Management Tools 2023 The Test Lead QA API Testing Explained For Manual and. The dry run report is useful to review the tag coverage of what will be run. Something like this: For HTTPS / SSL, you can also specify a custom certificate or trust store by setting Java system properties. For convenience, it will do a string contains match (not an exact match) so you dont need to worry about http vs https for example. You can use the Visual Studio Karate entension for stepping through and debugging a test. Karate. For advanced examples, refer to some of the scenarios within this demo: dynamic-params.feature. Instead, Karate gives you all you need as part of the syntax. Karate will also run Scenario-s in parallel by default. In fact it may be a good idea to slip doubles instead of integers into some of your tests ! And you dont need to create additional Java classes for any of the payloads that you need to work with. If you have one pre-started, you need to use the playwrightUrl driver config. In this 2-hour long project-based course, you will learn -- 1. Example: In an application testing if we are login the application in each scenario then we can put the login scenario under background. For another example, see: examples.feature. 3+ years Selenium, Cucumber, BDD, Gherkin Karate or RestAssured framework, Jenkins and SonarCube . When expressing expected results (in JSON or XML) you can mark some fields to be ignored when the match (comparison) is performed. If you really need to have an empty body, you can use an empty string as shown below, and you can force the right Content-Type header by using the header keyword. Re-use can sometimes result in negative benefits - especially when applied to test-automation. If you want to perform API testing but you dont have knowledge of any programming language then you should choose Karate framework to perform API testing. Assertions and HTML reports are built-in, and you can run tests in parallel for speed. Karate has built-in support for re-trying an HTTP request until a certain condition has been met. If you are familiar with Cucumber (JVM), you may be wondering if you need to write step-definitions. Note that scriptAll() will return an array, as opposed to script(). subType: You can see how it can be re-used anywhere to scrape the contents out of any HTML tabular data, and all you need to do is supply the locator that matches the elements you are interested in. The parameters that you can optionally customize via the Map argument to the pdf() method are documented here: Page.printToPDF . var foo = function(v){ return v * v }; The above example can be made more simpler with the use of call (or callonce) without a def-assignment to a variable, and is the recommended pattern for implementing re-usable authentication setup flows. This means that even when you have dynamic server-side generated values such as UUID-s and time-stamps appearing in the response, you can still assert that the full-payload matched in one step. To use Playwright, you need to start a Playwright server. Conditionally making a test fail is easy with karate.fail(). Most servers expect the domain to be set correctly like this: Note that you can do the above as a one-liner like this: * cookie({ name: 'hello', value: 'world' }), just keep in mind here that then it would follow the rules of Enclosed JavaScript (not Embedded Expressions). This is easily achieved with the karate.repeat() API: And theres also karate.range() which can be useful to generate test-data. Step 3: Create a feature file and write a Scenario. Note how even tags to exclude (or include) can be specified: Note that any Feature or Scenario with the special @ignore tag will be skipped by default. } "arr": [ IMPORTANT: There are some restrictions when using callonce or karate.callSingle() especially within karate-config.js. But this approach doesnt work when you have to deal with data-entry and fields. Will poll using the retry() settings configured. In most cases you wont need to set the Content-Type header as Karate will automatically do the right thing depending on the data-type of the request. } } So if you have a Feature with multiple Scenario-s in it - they will execute in parallel, and even each Examples row in a Scenario Outline will do so ! Karate was based on Cucumber-JVM until version 0.8.0 but the parser and engine were re-written from scratch in 0.9.0 onwards. One limitation is that you cannot use double-quotes within these expressions, so stick to the pattern seen below. "arr": [ How To Scroll Into View in Selenium Webdriver, How To Solve IllegalStateException in Selenium WebDriver. 'test1.feature', * def result = responseStatus == 404 ? For convenience, Karate assumes by default that the executable name is playwright and that it exists in the System PATH. The documentation on how to run tests via the command line has an example of how to use tags to decide which tests to not run (or ignore). The scenario expression result is expected to be an array of JSON objects. _ > 0' }, # when validation logic is an 'equality' check, an embedded expression works better, Then match temperature contains { fahrenheit, # when the response is binary (byte-array), # incidentally, match and assert behave exactly the same way for strings, # if b can be present (optional) but should always be null, """ Bob,Wild And JSON arrays would become Java List-s. subType: { name: 'Smith', deleted: false } odds: '#[] oddSchema' You can organize multiple common utilities into a single re-usable feature file as follows e.g. So we use the same Gherkin syntax - but the similarity ends there. You can ask for an element by its relative position to another element which is visible - such as a ,
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